International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination: 21st March

 The International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, observed annually on March 21, highlights the progress made in combating racial discrimination while acknowledging the ongoing challenges.

The adoption of ICERD in 1965 was a historic moment in the global fight against racism. The treaty, which aims to eliminate all forms of racial discrimination, has played a crucial role in shaping international human rights policies. The 2025 theme for the International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination is dedicated to reflecting on the progress achieved and the work that still needs to be done to ensure equality and justice for all.

The International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination is observed in memory of the tragic Sharpeville Massacre that took place on March 21, 1960, in South Africa. During a peaceful protest against apartheid “pass laws,” the police opened fire, killing 69 people and injuring many others. This event highlighted the brutal reality of racial discrimination and intensified global efforts to end apartheid and racial injustices.

On December 21, 1965, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD) through Resolution 2106 (XX). The treaty was the first core international human rights treaty and established a global commitment to eradicating racism. ICERD has since been ratified by most UN member states, demonstrating a near-universal commitment to fighting racial discrimination.

Progress Made Over 60 Years

1. Abolition of Racist Laws and Practices: Since the adoption of ICERD, many countries have dismantled discriminatory laws. Notably, South Africa’s apartheid system was abolished in the early 1990s, paving the way for Nelson Mandela’s leadership and the establishment of a democratic society based on equality.2. Strengthening International Legal Frameworks: Several UN declarations and conferences have reinforced ICERD’s principles, including the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action (2001).The UN Human Rights Council and special rapporteurs monitor racial discrimination worldwide and provide guidance for improvement and ICERD requires countries to criminalize racial discrimination and take measures to promote racial equality in all spheres.3. Addressing Racism and Xenophobia: The Durban Review Conference (2009) reaffirmed global commitments to racial justice.The UN proclaimed 2015-2024 as the International Decade for People of African Descent, focusing on recognition, justice, and development.Many countries have implemented affirmative action policies to uplift marginalized racial and ethnic communities.

Despite progress, racial discrimination remains a global challenge:

·         Systemic racism continues to affect employment, education, healthcare, and the justice system.

·         Hate speech and racial violence have surged in many parts of the world.

·         Migration crises and refugee discrimination have exposed racial biases in immigration policies.

·         Lack of accountability and enforcement of ICERD’s provisions in certain regions...

·         The UN proclaimed this decade with the theme: “People of African Descent: Recognition, Justice, and Development.” The initiative aimed to tackle structural inequalities faced by people of African descent worldwide.